PHP 8.3 Commands

PHP-FPM (FastCGI Process Manager) handles all PHP processing for Zal Ultra. These commands help you manage the PHP service.

🟠 MEDIUM RISK

Restarting PHP-FPM will briefly interrupt all web requests. Users may see errors for 1-2 seconds during restart.

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Table of Contents

1. Service Management
2. Configuration
3. Performance Tuning
4. Log Management
5. Troubleshooting

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Service Management

Check PHP-FPM Status

sudo systemctl status php8.3-fpm

Purpose: Shows if PHP-FPM is running and recent activity.

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Start PHP-FPM

sudo systemctl start php8.3-fpm

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Stop PHP-FPM

🔴 SERVICE OUTAGE

Stopping PHP-FPM will make Zal Ultra completely non-functional. All pages will show 502 errors.

sudo systemctl stop php8.3-fpm

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Restart PHP-FPM

🟠 BRIEF INTERRUPTION

Restart causes 1-2 seconds of 502 errors for active users.

sudo systemctl restart php8.3-fpm

When to use:

• After php.ini changes
• After installing PHP extensions
• Memory issues

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Reload PHP-FPM (Graceful)

sudo systemctl reload php8.3-fpm

Purpose: Gracefully reloads configuration. Preferred over restart.

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Enable on Boot

sudo systemctl enable php8.3-fpm

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Configuration

PHP Version Check

php -v

Show PHP Info

php -i

Show Loaded Modules

php -m

Check Specific Module

php -m | grep -i mysql
php -m | grep -i redis
php -m | grep -i gd

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Configuration Files

# Main PHP CLI config
sudo nano /etc/php/8.3/cli/php.ini

# PHP-FPM config
sudo nano /etc/php/8.3/fpm/php.ini

# FPM pool config (important!)
sudo nano /etc/php/8.3/fpm/pool.d/www.conf

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Important php.ini Settings

# View current settings
php -i | grep memory_limit
php -i | grep max_execution_time
php -i | grep upload_max_filesize
php -i | grep post_max_size

Common Settings to Adjust

; /etc/php/8.3/fpm/php.ini

memory_limit = 512M
max_execution_time = 300
upload_max_filesize = 100M
post_max_size = 100M
max_input_vars = 5000

After changing php.ini:

sudo systemctl restart php8.3-fpm

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Performance Tuning

Check FPM Pool Status

# If status page is enabled
curl http://localhost/status

# Or check processes
ps aux | grep php-fpm

Count PHP-FPM Workers

ps aux | grep "php-fpm: pool" | wc -l

Check Memory Usage per Worker

ps -ylC php-fpm8.3 --sort:rss

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Pool Configuration (www.conf)

sudo nano /etc/php/8.3/fpm/pool.d/www.conf

Key settings:

; Process manager type
pm = dynamic

; Maximum children (adjust based on RAM)
pm.max_children = 50

; Start servers
pm.start_servers = 10

; Min/Max spare servers
pm.min_spare_servers = 5
pm.max_spare_servers = 20

; Max requests before respawn (prevents memory leaks)
pm.max_requests = 500

Memory calculation:

• Each PHP-FPM worker uses ~50-100MB
• pm.max_children = Available RAM / 100MB
• Example: 8GB RAM → max_children = 50-60

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Log Management

View PHP-FPM Logs

sudo tail -f /var/log/php8.3-fpm.log

View PHP Error Log

# Check where errors go
php -i | grep error_log

# Common location
sudo tail -f /var/log/php_errors.log

View Slow Log (if enabled)

sudo tail -f /var/log/php8.3-fpm.slow.log

Enable Slow Log

# In /etc/php/8.3/fpm/pool.d/www.conf
slowlog = /var/log/php8.3-fpm.slow.log
request_slowlog_timeout = 5s

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Clear PHP Logs

🟠 CAUTION

This removes log history.

sudo truncate -s 0 /var/log/php8.3-fpm.log
sudo truncate -s 0 /var/log/php_errors.log

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Troubleshooting

Common Issues

502 Bad Gateway

# Check if PHP-FPM is running
sudo systemctl status php8.3-fpm

# Check socket exists
ls -la /run/php/php8.3-fpm.sock

# Restart PHP-FPM
sudo systemctl restart php8.3-fpm

Memory Exhausted

# Increase memory limit
sudo nano /etc/php/8.3/fpm/php.ini
# Set: memory_limit = 512M

sudo systemctl restart php8.3-fpm

Max Execution Time

# Increase timeout
sudo nano /etc/php/8.3/fpm/php.ini
# Set: max_execution_time = 300

sudo systemctl restart php8.3-fpm

Socket Permission Issues

# Check socket permissions
ls -la /run/php/php8.3-fpm.sock

# Fix in www.conf
listen.owner = www-data
listen.group = www-data
listen.mode = 0660

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Check PHP Extensions

# Required for Zal Ultra
php -m | grep -E "mysql|redis|gd|curl|mbstring|xml|zip|bcmath"

Install Missing Extension

sudo apt install php8.3-mysql php8.3-redis php8.3-gd php8.3-curl php8.3-mbstring php8.3-xml php8.3-zip php8.3-bcmath
sudo systemctl restart php8.3-fpm

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Clear OPcache

# From command line
php -r "opcache_reset();"

# Or restart PHP-FPM
sudo systemctl restart php8.3-fpm

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Quick Reference Card

Action	Command
Check status	sudo systemctl status php8.3-fpm
Start	sudo systemctl start php8.3-fpm
Stop	sudo systemctl stop php8.3-fpm
Restart	sudo systemctl restart php8.3-fpm
Reload	sudo systemctl reload php8.3-fpm
PHP version	php -v
PHP modules	php -m
View logs	sudo tail -f /var/log/php8.3-fpm.log
Config (FPM)	/etc/php/8.3/fpm/php.ini
Pool config	/etc/php/8.3/fpm/pool.d/www.conf